Atrial fibrillation, commonly referred to as AFib, is a heart rhythm disorder that affects millions of people in America. The condition occurs when the heart’s upper chambers beat irregularly, and this disrupts normal blood flow. Understanding AFib can help patients recognize symptoms early and seek appropriate medical care.
What Is Atrial Fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation is an irregular, often rapid heart rhythm originating in the atria. The atria are the two upper chambers of the heart, and they normally contract in a coordinated manner to pump blood into the ventricles. In AFib, the atria quiver chaotically rather than beat effectively, which can lead to blood pooling and clot formation.
This condition can be categorized into several types. Paroxysmal AFib comes and goes on its own, while persistent AFib lasts more than seven days and may require intervention. Permanent AFib is a long-term condition that cannot be corrected through treatment. Early detection and management are necessary to reduce health risks and maintain quality of life.
What Causes It?
Multiple factors contribute to the development of atrial fibrillation. High blood pressure is one of the most common causes, as it places strain on the heart and alters its electrical signaling. Other cardiovascular conditions, such as coronary artery disease, heart valve disorders, and heart failure, also increase the likelihood of developing AFib.
What Are the Symptoms?
Atrial fibrillation presents with a range of symptoms that vary in intensity. Some individuals experience noticeable signs, while others may have no symptoms at all. Palpitations are one of the most common indicators, and patients may describe a fluttering or racing sensation in the chest.
Fatigue and weakness are additional symptoms among those with AFib. The irregular heart rhythm reduces the heart’s efficiency in pumping blood, which leads to decreased energy levels. Shortness of breath, particularly during physical activity, is a symptom of inadequate oxygen delivery to the body.
Dizziness and lightheadedness can occur when the heart fails to maintain adequate blood pressure. Chest pain or discomfort may also develop, especially during episodes of rapid heart rate. Consulting a cardiologist helps diagnose and treat this condition.
How Do They Impact Life?
Living with atrial fibrillation can affect daily activities and overall well-being. Physical limitations may arise as symptoms such as fatigue and shortness of breath interfere with exercise and routine tasks. Blood clots that form in the atria can travel to the brain and block blood vessels, causing a stroke. This complication underscores the need for ongoing medical management and preventive measures.
What Are the Treatment Options?
Treatment aims to control heart rate, restore normal rhythm, and reduce the risk of complications. A cardiologist will develop a personalized treatment plan based on symptom severity and underlying health conditions. Lifestyle changes can support the management of atrial fibrillation. Reducing alcohol intake, quitting smoking, and managing tension help minimize AFib episodes.
Electrical cardioversion is a procedure that uses controlled electric shocks to reset the heart’s rhythm. Catheter ablation is a minimally invasive procedure that targets abnormal electrical pathways in the heart. A catheter is inserted through a blood vessel and guided to the heart, where radiofrequency energy is applied to destroy problematic tissue. Surgical maze procedures are evaluated for patients with severe or refractory AFib and are more invasive interventions.
Consult a Cardiologist Now
Atrial fibrillation is a complex condition that requires careful management and monitoring. Understanding the causes, recognizing symptoms, and exploring treatment options helps patients to take control of their health. If you experience symptoms such as palpitations, fatigue, or shortness of breath, schedule an appointment with a cardiologist for a comprehensive evaluation.
